ADHD UK Medication
ADHD medications are classified as 'controlled drugs' that require a specialist doctor to prescribe them. These stimulants include methylphenidate (Ritalin and Concerta) and amphetamines salts and the atomoxetine.
Other non-medical treatments such as talking therapy is also recommended. The use of medication can ease symptoms but they can't alter longstanding negative coping mechanisms.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is the most frequently prescribed ADHD drug in the UK. It is also used to treat narcolepsy and several other psychiatric conditions. It is available in immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release capsules. Extended-release capsules disintegrate slower and last longer. It is usually prescribed for a specific period of time and the exact dosage is determined by the individual's symptoms.
In general, stimulant medications increase activity in brain regions that control attention and behavior. They are sometimes referred to as "cognitive enhancements" and help people pay attention, stay focused and remain focused. Methylphenidate increases activity in brain regions that are inactive for ADHD patients. It also enhances your body's energy use. It is also marketed as Ritalin.
A recent study has revealed that the UK has seen an eight-fold increase in methylphenidate prescriptions over the past two decades. This is a major health risk for the public and suggests that there may be a misdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK. Researchers looked at information from the Clinical Practice Research Database, which contains information on all NHS patients who were registered in England with a GP from 1992 until 2013. The study focuses on drugs approved by the British National Formulary for ADHD and classified as CNS stimulants. This includes atomoxetine, methylphenidate (including immediate release methylphenidate as well as methylphenidate prolonged release), dexamphetamine and its derivative lisdexamfetamine as well modafinil. Pemoline is no longer licensed in the UK due to liver toxicities and therefore was not included in the study.
Researchers have found that methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed medication for children aged 5 or younger. About a quarter of children have been prescribed this medication. Despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NIHCE) guidelines recommend medication only as a first-line treatment for children with severe ADHD symptoms and this is exactly what was observed. Alternatively, they recommend that parents consider psychological intervention instead.
The results suggest the rise in methylphenidate prescriptions could be partly due to the availability and accessibility of mental health services. However it could also reflect an increased awareness of ADHD among younger people as well as the desire to seek treatment and diagnosis. There are also likely to instances of improper prescribing methylphenidate for adolescents and young adults.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat ADHD in adolescents and children. It is also used to treat comorbid symptoms of anxiety. It is not a stimulant and has a low abuse potential. It has been proven to be effective in clinical studies and is a viable alternative for children who have not responded to stimulants. However, the long-term safety of atomoxetine remains yet known.
Atomoxetine is different in comparison to other ADHD medications for ADHD. It boosts the amount of a chemical in the brain known as noradrenaline. This chemical is responsible for transmitting messages between nerve cells, and increasing its level can improve concentration and control impulses. It is available in capsule form and is taken every day. It is typically used in conjunction with other treatments such as psychotherapy, cognitive therapy and educational assistance.
In one study, atomoxetine proved to be more effective at treating ADHD symptoms than placebo. It is well-tolerated and has a lower side risk than stimulants, especially in children. Additionally, a recent cost-effectiveness study showed that treatment methods involving the initial use of atomoxetine were more costly than those using dexamfetamine or methylphenidate.
This medication can cause serious side effects including suicidal thoughts. If your child experiences these symptoms, speak to an expert right away. Many medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine, can interact with atomoxetine. If your child is taking MAOIs, you should stop the medication and consult your doctor to recommend an alternative.
Certain people may experience fatigue, stomach pain or a decrease in appetite. These side effects can be mild or severe dependent on the person. Atomoxetine can be linked to a serious, but rare condition known as hepatic dysfunction which can cause liver failure. It can be fatal in certain cases. It is crucial to talk with your doctor if you have suffered from liver issues or other health issues in the past.
It is essential to inform your doctor about all medicines you are taking including herbal and complementary therapies. This includes prescription as well as over-the-counter medicines as well as vitamins and minerals. adhd medications is important to tell your doctor if taking any other ADHD medications, such as lisdexamfetamine and methylphenidate. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child is pregnant, breastfeeding, or are thinking of becoming pregnant.
Dexamfetamine
Dexamfetamine is a stimulant which is used to treat ADHD in adults. It is able to improve concentration and attention, as well as reduce the impulsive behavior, and improve mood. It is available in the form of a capsule, solution, or taken in a pill. It is crucial to take it as prescribed by your doctor. Taken too much or stopped abruptly could cause problems. Don't operate or drive machinery while you are taking this medication. It is also a crime to carry around the medicine without a prescription. You must always have proof that you have been prescribed it, such as a repeat prescription form or an information leaflet. You should carry your medication to school or at work in case you require it during the course of your day.
Dexamfetamine is to be used with caution by epilepsy patients because it may lower the threshold for convulsions. It should not used in patients with an history of blood vessel or cardiac conditions, like coronary heart condition or high blood pressure. It is not recommended to use during pregnancy or nursing. It is excreted into breast milk and thus poses a risk for the infant.
If symptoms of ADHD increase, a check-up with the prescriber is advised. This will allow the prescriber to determine if the problem is controlled by medication and if medications are appropriate. This will allow the doctor to change dosages or switch to different treatments if needed.
A doctor will begin the patient with a low dose, and gradually increase it to make sure they get the right dose of medication for them. It is recommended to take your tablets at the same time every day, and ideally with food. This will help you remember when to take them and it can reduce the chances of missing doses.
In addition to taking medication, those with ADHD can benefit from psychoeducation and therapy. This can help children, teens and adults to understand their condition and learn to manage it. Therapy can also help them manage additional problems, such as anxiety or depression. Psychoeducation is a combination of educational materials and the assistance of a qualified professional, whereas therapeutic therapies can be behavioural or cognitive.
Modafinil
Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. Modafinil can be used off-label by adults who are over 18 years old to treat the symptoms of ADHD. It is not a prescription drug for such usage and should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor. It can only be purchased on prescription and must be stored in a secure place out of reach of children. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Consult your physician or pharmacist for clarification if you do not comprehend any aspect of the medication.
The NHS website describes modafinil as a central nervous system stimulant that helps prevent excessive sleepiness during the daytime. It is prescribed for narcolepsy however, it is also used off-label to help those who suffer from Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis remain awake and alert, as well as those who suffer from fatigue caused by sleep apnea/hypopnea that is obstruct work. Executives, students and military personnel who must be alert are also common users.
A recent survey of UK students found that one in five have taken a "smart drug" to help them concentrate during exams. Jack Rivlin, 24, editor of student paper The Tab in Farringdon, London and told BBC Newsbeat that he had purchased modafinil through an offshore website for PS130 last term to help him through his revision.
Although he claims he doesn't believe that modafinil makes him smarter, he does admit that it has helped him to keep up with his class notes and pass the exam. It's important to keep in mind that these drugs are not magic bullets and they can cause serious side effects.
In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. Modafinil may also interfere negatively with certain medications like antidepressants and sedatives. You may also experience withdrawal symptoms and become dependent on the drug if suddenly stop taking it.
Like methylphenidate and atomoxetine, modafinil is classified as a Class B drug, which means that it's illegal to possess or supply. If you're found guilty, you could be facing up to five years in prison.